(+/-)9-HODE is a distinct product of non-enzymatic linoleic acid oxidation.Also, it is one of the component in rice koji extract (RKE), which activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα).It is derived from Methyl Linoleate (M265190), which is a common methyl ester produced from soybean or canola oil and methanol. Methyl Linoleate is classified as a biodiesel due to its long methyl chain and is used as a fuel in standard diesel engines.